celery/docs/tutorials/task-cookbook.rst

.. _cookbook-tasks:

================
 Task Cookbook
================

.. contents::
    :local:

.. _cookbook-task-serial:

Ensuring a task is only executed one at a time
==============================================

You can accomplish this by using a lock.

In this example we'll be using the cache framework to set a lock that is
accessible for all workers.

It's part of an imaginary RSS feed importer called `djangofeeds`.
The task takes a feed URL as a single argument, and imports that feed into
a Django model called `Feed`. We ensure that it's not possible for two or
more workers to import the same feed at the same time by setting a cache key
consisting of the MD5 checksum of the feed URL.

The cache key expires after some time in case something unexpected happens
(you never know, right?)

.. code-block:: python

    from celery import task
    from celery.utils.log import get_task_logger
    from django.core.cache import cache
    from hashlib import md5
    from djangofeeds.models import Feed

    logger = get_task_logger(__name__)

    LOCK_EXPIRE = 60 * 5 # Lock expires in 5 minutes

    @task(bind=True)
    def import_feed(self, feed_url):
        # The cache key consists of the task name and the MD5 digest
        # of the feed URL.
        feed_url_hexdigest = md5(feed_url).hexdigest()
        lock_id = '{0}-lock-{1}'.format(self.name, feed_url_hexdigest)

        # cache.add fails if the key already exists
        acquire_lock = lambda: cache.add(lock_id, 'true', LOCK_EXPIRE)
        # memcache delete is very slow, but we have to use it to take
        # advantage of using add() for atomic locking
        release_lock = lambda: cache.delete(lock_id)

        logger.debug('Importing feed: %s', feed_url)
        if acquire_lock():
            try:
                feed = Feed.objects.import_feed(feed_url)
            finally:
                release_lock()
            return feed.url

        logger.debug(
            'Feed %s is already being imported by another worker', feed_url)


Note that in order for this to work correctly you need to be using a cache
backend that supports an atomic ``.add`` operation.  ``memcached`` is known
to work well for this purpose.