celery/celery/beat.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""The periodic task scheduler."""
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

import copy
import errno
import heapq
import os
import shelve
import sys
import time
import traceback
from collections import namedtuple
from functools import total_ordering
from threading import Event, Thread

from billiard import ensure_multiprocessing
from billiard.common import reset_signals
from billiard.context import Process
from kombu.utils.functional import maybe_evaluate, reprcall
from kombu.utils.objects import cached_property

from . import __version__, platforms, signals
from .five import (items, monotonic, python_2_unicode_compatible, reraise,
                   values)
from .schedules import crontab, maybe_schedule
from .utils.imports import load_extension_class_names, symbol_by_name
from .utils.log import get_logger, iter_open_logger_fds
from .utils.time import humanize_seconds

__all__ = (
    'SchedulingError', 'ScheduleEntry', 'Scheduler',
    'PersistentScheduler', 'Service', 'EmbeddedService',
)

event_t = namedtuple('event_t', ('time', 'priority', 'entry'))

logger = get_logger(__name__)
debug, info, error, warning = (logger.debug, logger.info,
                               logger.error, logger.warning)

DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL = 300  # 5 minutes


class SchedulingError(Exception):
    """An error occurred while scheduling a task."""


@total_ordering
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class ScheduleEntry(object):
    """An entry in the scheduler.

    Arguments:
        name (str): see :attr:`name`.
        schedule (~celery.schedules.schedule): see :attr:`schedule`.
        args (Tuple): see :attr:`args`.
        kwargs (Dict): see :attr:`kwargs`.
        options (Dict): see :attr:`options`.
        last_run_at (~datetime.datetime): see :attr:`last_run_at`.
        total_run_count (int): see :attr:`total_run_count`.
        relative (bool): Is the time relative to when the server starts?
    """

    #: The task name
    name = None

    #: The schedule (:class:`~celery.schedules.schedule`)
    schedule = None

    #: Positional arguments to apply.
    args = None

    #: Keyword arguments to apply.
    kwargs = None

    #: Task execution options.
    options = None

    #: The time and date of when this task was last scheduled.
    last_run_at = None

    #: Total number of times this task has been scheduled.
    total_run_count = 0

    def __init__(self, name=None, task=None, last_run_at=None,
                 total_run_count=None, schedule=None, args=(), kwargs={},
                 options={}, relative=False, app=None):
        self.app = app
        self.name = name
        self.task = task
        self.args = args
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        self.options = options
        self.schedule = maybe_schedule(schedule, relative, app=self.app)
        self.last_run_at = last_run_at or self.default_now()
        self.total_run_count = total_run_count or 0

    def default_now(self):
        return self.schedule.now() if self.schedule else self.app.now()
    _default_now = default_now  # compat

    def _next_instance(self, last_run_at=None):
        """Return new instance, with date and count fields updated."""
        return self.__class__(**dict(
            self,
            last_run_at=last_run_at or self.default_now(),
            total_run_count=self.total_run_count + 1,
        ))
    __next__ = next = _next_instance  # for 2to3

    def __reduce__(self):
        return self.__class__, (
            self.name, self.task, self.last_run_at, self.total_run_count,
            self.schedule, self.args, self.kwargs, self.options,
        )

    def update(self, other):
        """Update values from another entry.

        Will only update "editable" fields:
            ``task``, ``schedule``, ``args``, ``kwargs``, ``options``.
        """
        self.__dict__.update({
            'task': other.task, 'schedule': other.schedule,
            'args': other.args, 'kwargs': other.kwargs,
            'options': other.options,
        })

    def is_due(self):
        """See :meth:`~celery.schedule.schedule.is_due`."""
        return self.schedule.is_due(self.last_run_at)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(items(vars(self)))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{name}: {0.name} {call} {0.schedule}'.format(
            self,
            call=reprcall(self.task, self.args or (), self.kwargs or {}),
            name=type(self).__name__,
        )

    def __lt__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, ScheduleEntry):
            # How the object is ordered doesn't really matter, as
            # in the scheduler heap, the order is decided by the
            # preceding members of the tuple ``(time, priority, entry)``.
            #
            # If all that's left to order on is the entry then it can
            # just as well be random.
            return id(self) < id(other)
        return NotImplemented

    def editable_fields_equal(self, other):
        for attr in ('task', 'args', 'kwargs', 'options', 'schedule'):
            if getattr(self, attr) != getattr(other, attr):
                return False
        return True

    def __eq__(self, other):
        """Test schedule entries equality.

        Will only compare "editable" fields:
        ``task``, ``schedule``, ``args``, ``kwargs``, ``options``.
        """
        return self.editable_fields_equal(other)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        """Test schedule entries inequality.

        Will only compare "editable" fields:
        ``task``, ``schedule``, ``args``, ``kwargs``, ``options``.
        """
        return not self == other


class Scheduler(object):
    """Scheduler for periodic tasks.

    The :program:`celery beat` program may instantiate this class
    multiple times for introspection purposes, but then with the
    ``lazy`` argument set.  It's important for subclasses to
    be idempotent when this argument is set.

    Arguments:
        schedule (~celery.schedules.schedule): see :attr:`schedule`.
        max_interval (int): see :attr:`max_interval`.
        lazy (bool): Don't set up the schedule.
    """

    Entry = ScheduleEntry

    #: The schedule dict/shelve.
    schedule = None

    #: Maximum time to sleep between re-checking the schedule.
    max_interval = DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL

    #: How often to sync the schedule (3 minutes by default)
    sync_every = 3 * 60

    #: How many tasks can be called before a sync is forced.
    sync_every_tasks = None

    _last_sync = None
    _tasks_since_sync = 0

    logger = logger  # compat

    def __init__(self, app, schedule=None, max_interval=None,
                 Producer=None, lazy=False, sync_every_tasks=None, **kwargs):
        self.app = app
        self.data = maybe_evaluate({} if schedule is None else schedule)
        self.max_interval = (max_interval or
                             app.conf.beat_max_loop_interval or
                             self.max_interval)
        self.Producer = Producer or app.amqp.Producer
        self._heap = None
        self.old_schedulers = None
        self.sync_every_tasks = (
            app.conf.beat_sync_every if sync_every_tasks is None
            else sync_every_tasks)
        if not lazy:
            self.setup_schedule()

    def install_default_entries(self, data):
        entries = {}
        if self.app.conf.result_expires and \
                not self.app.backend.supports_autoexpire:
            if 'celery.backend_cleanup' not in data:
                entries['celery.backend_cleanup'] = {
                    'task': 'celery.backend_cleanup',
                    'schedule': crontab('0', '4', '*'),
                    'options': {'expires': 12 * 3600}}
        self.update_from_dict(entries)

    def apply_entry(self, entry, producer=None):
        info('Scheduler: Sending due task %s (%s)', entry.name, entry.task)
        try:
            result = self.apply_async(entry, producer=producer, advance=False)
        except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            error('Message Error: %s\n%s',
                  exc, traceback.format_stack(), exc_info=True)
        else:
            debug('%s sent. id->%s', entry.task, result.id)

    def adjust(self, n, drift=-0.010):
        if n and n > 0:
            return n + drift
        return n

    def is_due(self, entry):
        return entry.is_due()

    def _when(self, entry, next_time_to_run, mktime=time.mktime):
        adjust = self.adjust

        return (mktime(entry.default_now().timetuple()) +
                (adjust(next_time_to_run) or 0))

    def populate_heap(self, event_t=event_t, heapify=heapq.heapify):
        """Populate the heap with the data contained in the schedule."""
        self._heap = [event_t(self._when(e, e.is_due()[1]) or 0, 5, e)
                      for e in values(self.schedule)]
        heapify(self._heap)

    # pylint disable=redefined-outer-name
    def tick(self, event_t=event_t, min=min, heappop=heapq.heappop,
             heappush=heapq.heappush):
        """Run a tick - one iteration of the scheduler.

        Executes one due task per call.

        Returns:
            float: preferred delay in seconds for next call.
        """
        adjust = self.adjust
        max_interval = self.max_interval

        if (self._heap is None or
                not self.schedules_equal(self.old_schedulers, self.schedule)):
            self.old_schedulers = copy.copy(self.schedule)
            self.populate_heap()

        H = self._heap

        if not H:
            return max_interval

        event = H[0]
        entry = event[2]
        is_due, next_time_to_run = self.is_due(entry)
        if is_due:
            verify = heappop(H)
            if verify is event:
                next_entry = self.reserve(entry)
                self.apply_entry(entry, producer=self.producer)
                heappush(H, event_t(self._when(next_entry, next_time_to_run),
                                    event[1], next_entry))
                return 0
            else:
                heappush(H, verify)
                return min(verify[0], max_interval)
        return min(adjust(next_time_to_run) or max_interval, max_interval)

    def schedules_equal(self, old_schedules, new_schedules):
        if set(old_schedules.keys()) != set(new_schedules.keys()):
            return False
        for name, old_entry in old_schedules.items():
            new_entry = new_schedules.get(name)
            if not new_entry:
                return False
            if new_entry != old_entry:
                return False
        return True

    def should_sync(self):
        return (
            (not self._last_sync or
               (monotonic() - self._last_sync) > self.sync_every) or
            (self.sync_every_tasks and
                self._tasks_since_sync >= self.sync_every_tasks)
        )

    def reserve(self, entry):
        new_entry = self.schedule[entry.name] = next(entry)
        return new_entry

    def apply_async(self, entry, producer=None, advance=True, **kwargs):
        # Update time-stamps and run counts before we actually execute,
        # so we have that done if an exception is raised (doesn't schedule
        # forever.)
        entry = self.reserve(entry) if advance else entry
        task = self.app.tasks.get(entry.task)

        try:
            if task:
                return task.apply_async(entry.args, entry.kwargs,
                                        producer=producer,
                                        **entry.options)
            else:
                return self.send_task(entry.task, entry.args, entry.kwargs,
                                      producer=producer,
                                      **entry.options)
        except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            reraise(SchedulingError, SchedulingError(
                "Couldn't apply scheduled task {0.name}: {exc}".format(
                    entry, exc=exc)), sys.exc_info()[2])
        finally:
            self._tasks_since_sync += 1
            if self.should_sync():
                self._do_sync()

    def send_task(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.app.send_task(*args, **kwargs)

    def setup_schedule(self):
        self.install_default_entries(self.data)

    def _do_sync(self):
        try:
            debug('beat: Synchronizing schedule...')
            self.sync()
        finally:
            self._last_sync = monotonic()
            self._tasks_since_sync = 0

    def sync(self):
        pass

    def close(self):
        self.sync()

    def add(self, **kwargs):
        entry = self.Entry(app=self.app, **kwargs)
        self.schedule[entry.name] = entry
        return entry

    def _maybe_entry(self, name, entry):
        if isinstance(entry, self.Entry):
            entry.app = self.app
            return entry
        return self.Entry(**dict(entry, name=name, app=self.app))

    def update_from_dict(self, dict_):
        self.schedule.update({
            name: self._maybe_entry(name, entry)
            for name, entry in items(dict_)
        })

    def merge_inplace(self, b):
        schedule = self.schedule
        A, B = set(schedule), set(b)

        # Remove items from disk not in the schedule anymore.
        for key in A ^ B:
            schedule.pop(key, None)

        # Update and add new items in the schedule
        for key in B:
            entry = self.Entry(**dict(b[key], name=key, app=self.app))
            if schedule.get(key):
                schedule[key].update(entry)
            else:
                schedule[key] = entry

    def _ensure_connected(self):
        # callback called for each retry while the connection
        # can't be established.
        def _error_handler(exc, interval):
            error('beat: Connection error: %s. '
                  'Trying again in %s seconds...', exc, interval)

        return self.connection.ensure_connection(
            _error_handler, self.app.conf.broker_connection_max_retries
        )

    def get_schedule(self):
        return self.data

    def set_schedule(self, schedule):
        self.data = schedule
    schedule = property(get_schedule, set_schedule)

    @cached_property
    def connection(self):
        return self.app.connection_for_write()

    @cached_property
    def producer(self):
        return self.Producer(self._ensure_connected(), auto_declare=False)

    @property
    def info(self):
        return ''


class PersistentScheduler(Scheduler):
    """Scheduler backed by :mod:`shelve` database."""

    persistence = shelve
    known_suffixes = ('', '.db', '.dat', '.bak', '.dir')

    _store = None

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.schedule_filename = kwargs.get('schedule_filename')
        Scheduler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def _remove_db(self):
        for suffix in self.known_suffixes:
            with platforms.ignore_errno(errno.ENOENT):
                os.remove(self.schedule_filename + suffix)

    def _open_schedule(self):
        return self.persistence.open(self.schedule_filename, writeback=True)

    def _destroy_open_corrupted_schedule(self, exc):
        error('Removing corrupted schedule file %r: %r',
              self.schedule_filename, exc, exc_info=True)
        self._remove_db()
        return self._open_schedule()

    def setup_schedule(self):
        try:
            self._store = self._open_schedule()
            # In some cases there may be different errors from a storage
            # backend for corrupted files.  Example - DBPageNotFoundError
            # exception from bsddb.  In such case the file will be
            # successfully opened but the error will be raised on first key
            # retrieving.
            self._store.keys()
        except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            self._store = self._destroy_open_corrupted_schedule(exc)

        self._create_schedule()

        tz = self.app.conf.timezone
        stored_tz = self._store.get(str('tz'))
        if stored_tz is not None and stored_tz != tz:
            warning('Reset: Timezone changed from %r to %r', stored_tz, tz)
            self._store.clear()   # Timezone changed, reset db!
        utc = self.app.conf.enable_utc
        stored_utc = self._store.get(str('utc_enabled'))
        if stored_utc is not None and stored_utc != utc:
            choices = {True: 'enabled', False: 'disabled'}
            warning('Reset: UTC changed from %s to %s',
                    choices[stored_utc], choices[utc])
            self._store.clear()   # UTC setting changed, reset db!
        entries = self._store.setdefault(str('entries'), {})
        self.merge_inplace(self.app.conf.beat_schedule)
        self.install_default_entries(self.schedule)
        self._store.update({
            str('__version__'): __version__,
            str('tz'): tz,
            str('utc_enabled'): utc,
        })
        self.sync()
        debug('Current schedule:\n' + '\n'.join(
            repr(entry) for entry in values(entries)))

    def _create_schedule(self):
        for _ in (1, 2):
            try:
                self._store[str('entries')]
            except KeyError:
                # new schedule db
                try:
                    self._store[str('entries')] = {}
                except KeyError as exc:
                    self._store = self._destroy_open_corrupted_schedule(exc)
                    continue
            else:
                if str('__version__') not in self._store:
                    warning('DB Reset: Account for new __version__ field')
                    self._store.clear()   # remove schedule at 2.2.2 upgrade.
                elif str('tz') not in self._store:
                    warning('DB Reset: Account for new tz field')
                    self._store.clear()   # remove schedule at 3.0.8 upgrade
                elif str('utc_enabled') not in self._store:
                    warning('DB Reset: Account for new utc_enabled field')
                    self._store.clear()   # remove schedule at 3.0.9 upgrade
            break

    def get_schedule(self):
        return self._store[str('entries')]

    def set_schedule(self, schedule):
        self._store[str('entries')] = schedule
    schedule = property(get_schedule, set_schedule)

    def sync(self):
        if self._store is not None:
            self._store.sync()

    def close(self):
        self.sync()
        self._store.close()

    @property
    def info(self):
        return '    . db -> {self.schedule_filename}'.format(self=self)


class Service(object):
    """Celery periodic task service."""

    scheduler_cls = PersistentScheduler

    def __init__(self, app, max_interval=None, schedule_filename=None,
                 scheduler_cls=None):
        self.app = app
        self.max_interval = (max_interval or
                             app.conf.beat_max_loop_interval)
        self.scheduler_cls = scheduler_cls or self.scheduler_cls
        self.schedule_filename = (
            schedule_filename or app.conf.beat_schedule_filename)

        self._is_shutdown = Event()
        self._is_stopped = Event()

    def __reduce__(self):
        return self.__class__, (self.max_interval, self.schedule_filename,
                                self.scheduler_cls, self.app)

    def start(self, embedded_process=False):
        info('beat: Starting...')
        debug('beat: Ticking with max interval->%s',
              humanize_seconds(self.scheduler.max_interval))

        signals.beat_init.send(sender=self)
        if embedded_process:
            signals.beat_embedded_init.send(sender=self)
            platforms.set_process_title('celery beat')

        try:
            while not self._is_shutdown.is_set():
                interval = self.scheduler.tick()
                if interval and interval > 0.0:
                    debug('beat: Waking up %s.',
                          humanize_seconds(interval, prefix='in '))
                    time.sleep(interval)
                    if self.scheduler.should_sync():
                        self.scheduler._do_sync()
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
            self._is_shutdown.set()
        finally:
            self.sync()

    def sync(self):
        self.scheduler.close()
        self._is_stopped.set()

    def stop(self, wait=False):
        info('beat: Shutting down...')
        self._is_shutdown.set()
        wait and self._is_stopped.wait()  # block until shutdown done.

    def get_scheduler(self, lazy=False,
                      extension_namespace='celery.beat_schedulers'):
        filename = self.schedule_filename
        aliases = dict(
            load_extension_class_names(extension_namespace) or {})
        return symbol_by_name(self.scheduler_cls, aliases=aliases)(
            app=self.app,
            schedule_filename=filename,
            max_interval=self.max_interval,
            lazy=lazy,
        )

    @cached_property
    def scheduler(self):
        return self.get_scheduler()


class _Threaded(Thread):
    """Embedded task scheduler using threading."""

    def __init__(self, app, **kwargs):
        super(_Threaded, self).__init__()
        self.app = app
        self.service = Service(app, **kwargs)
        self.daemon = True
        self.name = 'Beat'

    def run(self):
        self.app.set_current()
        self.service.start()

    def stop(self):
        self.service.stop(wait=True)


try:
    ensure_multiprocessing()
except NotImplementedError:     # pragma: no cover
    _Process = None
else:
    class _Process(Process):    # noqa

        def __init__(self, app, **kwargs):
            super(_Process, self).__init__()
            self.app = app
            self.service = Service(app, **kwargs)
            self.name = 'Beat'

        def run(self):
            reset_signals(full=False)
            platforms.close_open_fds([
                sys.__stdin__, sys.__stdout__, sys.__stderr__,
            ] + list(iter_open_logger_fds()))
            self.app.set_default()
            self.app.set_current()
            self.service.start(embedded_process=True)

        def stop(self):
            self.service.stop()
            self.terminate()


def EmbeddedService(app, max_interval=None, **kwargs):
    """Return embedded clock service.

    Arguments:
        thread (bool): Run threaded instead of as a separate process.
            Uses :mod:`multiprocessing` by default, if available.
    """
    if kwargs.pop('thread', False) or _Process is None:
        # Need short max interval to be able to stop thread
        # in reasonable time.
        return _Threaded(app, max_interval=1, **kwargs)
    return _Process(app, max_interval=max_interval, **kwargs)